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Objective
Successful whole‐of‐community childhood obesity prevention interventions tend to involve community stakeholders in spreading knowledge about and engagement with obesity prevention efforts through the community. This process is referred to by the authors as stakeholder‐driven community diffusion (SDCD). This study uses an agent‐based model in conjunction with intervention data to increase...
Objective
Abdominal obesity and wall thickness of the central arteries have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Despite the higher burden of overweight and cardiovascular disease among African Americans, limited data are available on the association of abdominal obesity with aortic wall thickness in African Americans. We assessed the cross‐sectional and the longitudinal associations...
Objective
This study aimed to compare weight loss (WL) outcomes for patients taking antidepressants and/or antipsychotics with those not taking psychiatric medication.
Methods
A total of 17,519 adults enrolled in a lifestyle WL intervention at the Wharton Medical Clinics in Ontario, Canada, were analyzed. Sex‐stratified multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the association...
Objective
Surgical manipulations of adipose tissue by removal, or partial lipectomy, have demonstrated body fat compensation and recovered body weight, suggesting that the body is able to resist changes to body composition. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an update on what is currently known about the...
Objective
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) are among the most rapidly increasing cancers in Western countries. Elevated BMI in adulthood is a known risk factor, but associations in early life are unclear.
Methods
This study assessed weight change between childhood and early adulthood in relation to EA/GCA. Measured weights and heights during childhood (7‐13...
Objective
This study compared the effects of alternate‐day fasting (ADF) with those of daily calorie restriction (CR) on body weight and glucoregulatory factors in adults with overweight or obesity and insulin resistance.
Methods
This secondary analysis examined the data of insulin‐resistant individuals (n = 43) who participated in a 12‐month study that compared ADF (25% energy needs on “fast days”;...
Objective
This study contributes to the literature on the income and wealth consequences of obesity by exploiting recent discoveries about the genetic basis of BMI.
Methods
The relation between a genetic risk score (GRS) for BMI, which reflects the genetic predisposition to have a higher body weight, and income and wealth was analyzed in a longitudinal data set comprising 5,962 individuals (22,490...
Objective
Insulin regulates metabolism and influences neural health. Insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Evidence has also suggested that myelinated white matter alterations may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD; however, it is unknown whether insulin or IR affect the underlying myelin microstructure. The relationships...
Objective
The study aimed to investigate the association between BMI, waist circumference, and vertebral fracture (VF) risk in women.
Methods
This prospective study was conducted in 54,934 Nurses’ Health Study participants. BMI was assessed biennially, and waist circumference was assessed in the year 2000. Self‐reports of VF were confirmed by record review. BMI reflects lean body mass, and waist...
Objective
This study aimed to compare the secular trends of high blood pressure (HBP) and the effects of overweight and obesity on HBP between Chinese ethnic minority and Han children and adolescents .
Methods
Data were collected from 224,151 Chinese ethnic minority and 664,094 Han children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years during three successive, national cross‐sectional surveys (2005, 2010,...
Objective
Prepregnancy obesity is an epidemic disorder that seriously threatens both maternal and offspring health. This study investigated the effects of β3‐adrenergic receptor (β3‐AR) activation on the perinatal outcomes in a diet‐induced prepregnancy obese (PPO) murine model.
Methods
Four‐week‐old female C57BL/6 mice were fed high‐fat diet or chow diet for 16 weeks to yield PPO mice and chow‐fed...
Objective
This study aimed to determine the effects of concurrent and prior media use on dietary intake and dietary compensation over 3 days in a free‐living population.
Methods
Participants recorded food intake and media use for a 3‐day period. The US Department of Agriculture multiple‐pass method was used to ensure completeness of food records. Energy, protein, fiber, carbohydrates, sugar, added...
Concordant with soaring obesity rates, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The obesity epidemic demands interventions to reverse obesity‐associated hepatic steatosis, NAFLD, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and several new pharmacologic approaches have been developed within the past several years. Steatosis develops when energy delivery...
Objective
This secondary analysis assessed associations between changes in energy balance and sleep behaviors and the risk of weight regain following exercise‐induced weight loss.
Methods
Of 400 participants initially randomized in the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA), 227 lost weight following the moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise intervention (−4.2 ± 3.6 kg) and were...
Objective
Obesity is preventable and yet continues to be a major risk factor for chronic disease. Multiple prevention approaches have been proposed across multiple settings where people live, work, learn, worship, and play. This review searched the vast literature on obesity prevention interventions to assess their effects on daily energy consumed and energy expended.
Methods
This systematic review...
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